![]() (Arduino PWM cheat sheet, checked 27/March/2020) Read more If you want to use PWM to drive a standard piezo element I found that maximum volume could be achieved by altering the PWM frequency to one that closely matches the resonant frequency of the piezo element. I had no success in getting this to work. I tried a variety of PWM frequency’s and altered the step delay to 3 seconds thinking there may be a capacitor that needed charging within the device. ![]() ![]() I renamed some of the variables for clarity.īuoyed by my success I attempted to control the brightness of a 5 volt flashing LED. I altered the PWM pin and added in code to set the PWM frequency. The ground end of the DC piezo sounder is connected to ground, the positive to PWM pin 11 which provides the drive signal.ĩ9% of the code consists is the Fade sketch which you can find in the Arduino IDE under File->Examples->01.Basics->Fade. The circuit consists of an Arduino UNO and a DC piezo sounder element. I wondered if I could get a less distorted sound by altering the PWM frequency, so using the Arduino PWM frequency cheat sheet I worked my way through the possible pin and frequency combinations eventually settling on the frequency of 31372.55Hz which is available on both pins 9 & 10 (timer1) and 3 & 11 (timer 2) I found this frequency to give the cleanest sound. My initial tests were somewhat discouraging, I found I could alter the sound volume but the tone output seemed distorted. In some circumstances I find the sound level too loud, so experimentally I tried using PWM to see if I could alter the sound level. I quite often use a DC piezo buzzer for the sound element of my circuits I find these buzzers give a much louder sound level than can be obtained simply by using the tone() command to drive a standard piezo element.
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